The increased risk of developing a substance use disorder in individuals with a mental health disorder compared to individuals without such a disorder.
| Mental Health Disorder | Increased risk of alcohol dependency (95% CI) | Increased risk of nicotine dependency (95% CI) | Increased risk of illicit drug dependency (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dysthymia (persistent mild depression) | 1.3 (0.8-2.2) | 4.1 (1.0-17.0) | 2.7 (0.5-15.6) |
| Major depressive disorder | 1.4* (1.0-1.9) | 1.6 (0.7-3.8) | 1.6 (0.7-3.6) |
| Bipolar | 3.1* (1.9-5.1) | 3.6* (1.1-11.4) | 5.1* (1.8-14.7) |
| Any mood disorder | 1.8* (1.3-2.4) | 1.8 (0.9-3.8) | 2.1 (0.9-4.7) |
| Panic disorder | 1.2 (0.7-1.9) | 3.2* (1.2-8.5) | 1.1 (0.3-4.0) |
| Social phobia | 1.4* (1.0-1.9) | 3.3* (1.9-5.8) | 2.8* (1.1-7.0) |
| Specific phobia | 1.5* (1.1-1.9) | 2.7* (1.2-5.9) | 2.2 (0.9-5.5) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | 1.0 (0.6-1.6) | 1.6 (0.7-3.9) | 1.2 (0.3-5.9) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | 1.6* (1.1-2.4) | 3.2* (1.2-8.9) | 3.9* (1.5-10.0) |
| Agoraphobia | 1.5 (0.9-2.3) | 2.3 (0.7-6.9) | 1.9 (0.4-8.5) |
| Separation anxiety | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 2.7* (1.1-6.4) | 3.0* (1.1-8.6) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 1.5* (1.1-2.0) | 3.2* (1.7-5.8) | 3.5* (1.2-10.5) |
| Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) | 1.5* (1.0-2.0) | 6.0* (2.9-12.6) | 6.3* (3.2-12.3) |
| Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) | 2.2* (1.4-3.4) | 3.9* (2.0-7.8) | 3.9* (1.5-10.0) |
| Conduct disorder (CD) | 2.1* (1.5-3.0) | 2.0 (0.8-4.9) | 3.5* (1.6-7.8) |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | 1.8* (1.2-2.8) | 1.8 (0.7-4.9) | 5.2* (1.9-14.0) |
| Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) | 2.0* (1.2-3.2) | 2.4 (0.7-8.2) | 3.8 (0.7-22.2) |
| Any disruptive behaviour disorder | 3.5* (2.6-4.8) | 1.7 (0.9-2.9) | 4.6* (1.9-10.8) |
Why it pays to deal constructively with your fears: